Vitamin C deficiency impairs apoptosis

* Key enzymes in the cell, dubbed hydroxylases, need vitamin C to be activated. Having low levels of the vitamin means these enzymes are less likely to work.

* Hydroxylases control a transcription factor within the cell called HIF-1. It turns on specific genes, changing the way the cells respond to stress and controlling cell death and growth.

* When vitamin C is low or absent, the HIF-1 transcription factor turns on, enabling cancer cells in tumours to make more blood vessels, grow and resist chemotherapy.

* The finding is not a justification for extensive supplementation in people enjoying normal health. Regular fruit and vegetable consumption is enough.

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